必看考点4. 语法之特殊句式(强调句、倒装句、省略句)
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句式
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形式
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附注
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强调句
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It is/was …that….
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去掉it is/was…that..句型仍完整;只有在强调人时，that可换成who
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倒装句
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全部倒装（谓语动词直接提至主语前）
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句首为now/then，表示地点、方向词如at the foot of, away, up…
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部分倒装（谓语动词的助动词提至主语前）
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句首为only, 为否定词如seldom, no sooner than, hardly, neither/nor/, 为so/such…that;为 as, 为May时..
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省略句
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简单句中的省略
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省略做宾语的不定式短语，只留to.e.g. I’d happy to (clean the room).注：该宾语是be动词或完成时态，则必须在to后加上be或者have;
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并列句中的省略
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两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分e.g. My father is a doctor and my mother a nurse.
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复合句中的省略
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状语从句中从句主语与主句主语一致或者从句主语为it，且从句谓语动词为be动词，可将从句主语与be动词同时省略；
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必看考点5 语言学之基本概念
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考点
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知识点
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语言学概念
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Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language in general. Saussure “现代语言学之父”
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语言本质特征
design features
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概念：the defining poperties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication.
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特征：a.任意性-Arbitrariness: no logical/natural connection between meanings and sounds. b.创造性-Productivity c.二重性-Duality: language has two levels or layers, the lower level of sounds and a higher level of meanings. d.移位性 Displacement: language enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present in time and space, at the moment of communication e.文化传递性-Cultural transmission: the details of any language are not genetically transmitted or passed down by instinct.
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