What's the effective way to know ourse-考呗网题库移动版

单选题
What's the effective way to know ourselves better?

A． Combining cognitive, clinical and social psychology together.
B． Focusing attention on one's current experiences in a neutral way.
C． Using a theoretical link between mindfulness and self-knowledge.
D． Listening to the advice from friends, teachers, parents and doctors.

参考答案B

解析:
根据题干中的to know ourselves better可定位到原文最后一句话。该句提到，不加评判地专注于自我的当下状态是更好地了解自己的有效方式，只有B选项明确说出该理论内容，故选B。
全文译文
认识自我——专注力如何提升自我认知
发表于心理科学协会的《心理科学透视》2013年3月刊上的一篇新文章提出，专注力——不加评判地专注于自我的当下状态一可以帮助我们更好地了解自己的个性。
最近的研究强调，我们在理解自己的思维方式、情感方式以及行为方式时会有很多盲点。直觉认为，我们是最了解自己的人，但其实他人能够比我们自己更准确地了解我们的一些特点(如智力)。在一些情况下，这些对自我认知的盲点会导致负面结果，如决策错误，学业成绩差，情感和人际交流问题，以及较低的生活满意度。
在这篇新文章中，来自圣·路易斯华盛顿大学的心理学家史瑞卡·卡尔森提到了一个提升自我认知的潜在方法：专注力。
专注力——一种通常被认为对心理健康有着积极作用的技巧——需要人们专注于自己的当下状态(如思想，情感等)，并且不加评判地来观察它。
卡尔森说，专注力的两个组成部分，专注和不加评判地观察，可以帮助克服我们了解自己的主要障碍。她强调，自我认知的最大障碍之一就是用理想的方式看待自己的动机。例如，人们会高估自己的优点来抵御负面情绪或者增强自尊。然而，不加评判地观察一个人的思想，情感和行为，可能会减少情绪反应，如不足感或低自尊，这些因素通常会干扰人们认清自我。
信息缺乏是自我认知的另一个障碍，在一些情况下，人们可能缺少他们所需要的信息来准确地评价自我。例如，我们很难观察自己的大部分非语言行为，所以我们可能并不知道在一个严肃的谈话中，我们在做鬼脸或者坐立不安。专注力同样有助于克服这一障碍。研究表明专注力训练可以提升我们对身体的认知。
卡尔森从认知、临床以及社会心理学角度概述了专注力与自我认知之间的理论关联，他提出不加评判地专注于自我的当下状态是更好地了解自己的有效方式。

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单选题 Questions are based on the following passage．
The tower of Pisa has been leaning so long--nearly 840 years--that it's natural toassume it will go against gravity forever. But the famous structure has been in danger ofcollapsing almost since its first brick was laid.
It began leaning shortly after construction began in 1173. Builders had only reachedthe third of the tower's planned eight stories when its foundation began to settle unevenlyon soft soil composed of mud, sand and clay. As a result, the structure leaned slightly tothe north. Laborers tried to compensate by making the columns and arches of the thirdstory on the sinking northern side slightly taller. They then proceeded to the fourth story,only to find themselves out of work when political unrest halted construction.
The tower sat unfinished for nearly 100 years, but it wasn't done moving. By thetime work restarted in 1272, the tower tilted to the south--the direction it still leans today.
Engineers tried to make another adjustment, this time in the fifth story, only to have theirwork interrupted once again in 1278 with just seven stories completed.
Unfortunately, the building continued to settle, sometimes at an alarming rate.Finally, between 1360 and 1370, workers finished the project, once again trying to correctthe lean by angling the eighth story, with its bell room, northward.
In 1989, a similarly constructed bell tower in Pavia, northern Italy, collapsedsuddenly. Officials became so worried the tower of Pisa would suffer a fate similar to thecollapsed tower in Pavia that they closed the monument to the public. A year later, theyrallied together an international team to see if the tower could be brought back from thebrink.
By 2001, the team had decreased the tower's lean by 44 centimeters (17 inches),enough to make officials confident that they could reopen the monument to the public. Theactions taken by Burland and his team could, theoretically, stabilize the structure forever.
The real threat now comes from the masonry ( 石造建筑 ) itself, especially the materialin the lower stories, where most of the forces caused by the centuries-long leaning havebeen directed. If any of this masonry crushed, the tower could collapse. And even a minorearthquake in the region could have devastating consequences.
In spite of these potential problems, engineers expect the famous structure willremain stable for at least another 200 years. By then, another intervention may berequired, but the technology available to make improvements could be far more advancedand preserve the tower for another 800 years.
Why did the tower of Pisa begin to lean since its first brick was laid?

A．The workers didn't do exactly what they were ordered.
B．People at that time appreciated something special.
C．It was build on soft soil composed of mud, sand and clay.
D．The workers made a big mistake during construction.

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单选题
What did the workers do when they found the third floor leaned northwards?

A． They thought it would not cause trouble and continued their work.
B． They made the structure of the third story towards the north taller.
C． They demolished the tower and rebuilt it from the beginning.
D． They asked help from experts and successfully stopped the leaning.

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单选题
What's the difference of the tower during its first and second construction?

A． At the first time, it leaned northwards but southwards the second time.
B． At the first time, it leaned southwards but northwards the second time.
C． At the first time, it leaned westwards but eastwards the second time.
D． At the first time, it leaned eastwards but westwards the second time.

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