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解析:思路点拨
在上个世纪,世界发生了巨大的变化。题目要求考生自己命题,谈谈自己认为20世纪最应该记住的发明是什么。
文章本身并不难写,首先要确定自己的观点,就是2们世纪最重要的发明是什么。所谓“最应该记住”,就是说它对整个世界的变化影响最大。写作时。可以采取两种方法:一种是一一列举该发明的重要性,对社会的发展、人们的生活有什么重大的影响,论证时还可以使用反证法(论述一下如果没有这种发明世界会怎么样);另外一种就是在列举该发明重要性的同时,将它和其他较为重要的发明进行比较,从而更加凸显其重要性。以下是文章的结构分析范例,供考生参考。
·开篇首先介绍背景,阐述20世纪有很多重要的发明,对于哪种发明最重要,不同的人有不同的看法,进而给出自己的观点——电脑最重要。
·中间部分阐述电脑给我们的生活带来的重要影响,包括电脑可以帮助人们计算;电脑为科学家做实验提供了一个虚拟环境;电脑可以存储大量信息;电脑还促进了互联网的发展等等。
·最后重申自己的观点——电脑是20世纪最重要的发明,它对人类的影响是不可替代的。
在本文的写作过程中,切忌说空话,要具体论述电脑的重要性,不管是用例证法还是比较分析法,都要做到言之有物.使文章内容充实.有理有据。
参考范文
The Invention ofComputer
① Thetwentieth century witnessed great changes in the whole world:economic boom,industrial development and raise in people's living standards, towhichtechnological evolution contributed a lot. ②Among all those inventions,whichwas the greatest one? Different people have different views. Some thinkthegreatest invention was television, while others believe it should be atomenergy.But as far as I am concerned,/n terms of the depth of influence, noother inventionscan be compared with computers, which would remain unrivalledeven for anotherone hundred years.
First ofall, computers save a great deal of efforts people spend on calculating.~Beforecomputers were invented, people had to. calculate manua//y. Sometimesit tookscientists weeks, even months to work out a result, during the course ofwhichthey might make mistakes and the accuracy of data was in turn affected. Butwiththe help of computers, people are riced from heavy calculation. It onlytakesseconds to have a result which used to take weeks in the past. Moreover,not onlythe speed but also the accuracy is improved to a large extent.
Computerscan also simulate different environments that can't be created inreal life. Inscientific researches, sometimas scientists need to have asimulationenvironment to improve their theories or as a basis of furtherresearch. Withoutcomputers it would be difficult to have accurate and reliableresults, But computerscan make everything easy. Just input programs and data,everything will be done.With computers, the storage of information has becomeeasier, which in turnhas increased the whole world's efficiency. At banks, postoffices, and
supermarkets,people no longer need to queue for a long time, because computershelp theworking staff increase their work effficiency--files and data storedincomputers can be located in a very short time and their chances of gettinglost arelowered considerably.
Computers'influence has been further reinforced with the emergence of theInternet, whichwas developed based on the local area network (LAN) ofcomputers. Today, Intemethas become the fastest developing medium in the worldand you can do almosteverything you need through it: communicating withfriends, reading newspapers,watching movies, listening to music, etc. Frequently,people enjoy the fun ofall the above things on a computer.
④Althoughmany other inventions of the 20th century brought great changesand convenienceto people's lives, computers have made the most valuablecontribution to humanbeings, and it will make many more contributions in thefuture.
范文点评
①Thetwentieth centurywitnessed great changes意为“20世纪见证了伟大变革……”,witness一词采用了拟人的手法;后面还用了一个非限制性定语从句,使句子结构不至于很单调、意义也更加饱满,开篇很成功。
②此处运用了一个常用的写作模板:l.提出一个问题;2.陈述人们对于这一问题的不同看法:先用总括句Different people havedifferent views.再使用常用结构:Some think...while others believe…具体陈述别人的不同观点;3.用as far as I anlconcerned(或者in myopinion、to me、Ithink)
引出自己的观点。
③此处描述了电脑发明之前的情况,与电脑发明之后构成了鲜明的对比,更加突出了电脑给人们的生活带来的便利。
④最后一段以一个让步状语从句结尾,突出主题,呼应前文。最后的展望:itwillmakemanymore contributions in thefuture留给读者更多的想象空间。
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Air pollution exists not only outdoor, but also indoor. It has great effects on people, and there are many measures taken to correct the problem.
Ⅰ Effects of air pollution
1) Different groups of individuals are affected by air pollution in different ways.
-- Some individuals are more ( 1 ) __________ to pollutants.
-- Young children and elderly people suffer more.
-- People with (2) __________ suffer more.
2) The extent of air pollution effects on individuals depends on the (3) __________ to the damaging chemicals.3) short-term effects
-- (4) __________ to the eyes, nose and throat
-- upper respiratory infections
-- headaches, nausea, and allergic reactions4) 10ng-term effects
-- chronic respiratory disease-- lung cancer
m heart disease
-- damage to the brain, nerves, liver or kidneys
Ⅱ. Measures taken to control air pollution
1) the first step: assessment
-- investigate air pollution
-- develop standards for measuring the type and (5) __________ of some air pollutants
-- determine how much exposure to pollutants is (6) __________
2) stein to reduce exposure to air pollution
-- outdoor air pollution
● regulation of man-taMe pollution through (7) __________, which is usually done through a variety of(8) __________that monitor the air and the environment
●prevention through regulation, and through personal, careful attention to our (9) __________ with theenvironment
-- indoor air pOllution
●(10) __________ to be reviewed for potential harmful effects~ adequate ventilation
●smoking to be restricted
__________.